Comprehensive Chemical Exposure Framework

Title Page

1.0 Introduction

2.0 Literature Review
2.1 General Model Review
2.2 Exposure & Impact Review
  2.2.1 Reference List
  2.2.2 Exposure Models
  2.2.3 Exposure Databases

3.0 Model Framework

4.0 Scenarios

5.0 Qualitative Analysis

6.0 Recommendations

7.0 References

Appendix A

2.2.3 Exposure Information Databases and Information Resources


AHS

  • American Housing Survey

AIHC

  • American Industrial Health Council Exposure Factors Sourcebook (AIHC 1994)

ATW

  • (Air Toxics Website) Fact sheets from "EPA Health Effects Notebook for Hazardous Air Pollutants-Draft" describe the effects on human health of substances that are defined as hazardous by the 1990 amendments of the Clean Air Act.
  • http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html

Basic Biology Data Useful in PBPK Model Development

CARB database

  • California Air Resources Board; information on activity patterns associated with California populations with regards to air exposures (e.g., breathing rates associated with activities and driving patterns)

CHAD

  • Consolidated Human Activities Database
  • CHAD contains data from pre-existing human activity studies that can be used for exposure/intake dose modeling.
  • http://www.epa.gov/chadnet1/

Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook (EPA, 2000)

Cohen Hubal, et al. (2000).

  • Assessement of time spent by children, by age, in various microenvironments and the time spent by children, by age, in various macroactivities while indoors in the home microenvironment. Microenvironments include indoors at home, outdoors at home, indoors at school, outdoors at park, and in vehicle. Macroactivities at home include: eat, sleep or nap, shower or bathe, play, watch TV/listen to music, read/write/do homework, think/relax/passive.

CPDB

  • Carcinogenic Potency Database
  • A summary table of chemicals in the CPDB that contains results for positivity, potency (TD50), and target sites in rats and mice.
  • http://potency.berkeley.edu/hybrid.html

CRAFT

  • Chemical Reaction and Fate Transport Database
  • CRAFT includes a lot of parameters of use in transport and exposure assessment modeling

CSFII

  • Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals (USDA)

Exposure Factors Handbook

  • Exposure Factors Handbook (EPA) provides a summary of the available statistical data on various factors used in assessing human exposure. This Handbook includes standard factors to calculate human exposure to toxic chemicals. These factors include: drinking water consumption, soil ingestion, inhalation rates, dermal factors including skin area and soil adherence factors, consumption of fruits and vegetables, fish, meats, dairy products, homegrown foods, breast milk intake, human activity factors, consumer product use, and residential characteristics.
  • http://www.epa.gov/ncea/exposfac.htm

GIS

  • Graphical Information Systems

HazDat

IARC

IRIS

ITER

  • International Toxicity Estimates for Risk
  • Human health risk values for over 500 chemicals of environmental concern from several organizations worldwide.
  • http://www.tera.org/iter/welcome.htm

NCHS

  • Birth records and other National Center for Health Statistics [NCHS] data.

NHANES

  • National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (EPA & NCHS)

NHAPS

  • National Human Activity Pattern Survey (EPA)

NHEXAS

  • National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (EPA)

NHGPUS

  • National Home and Garden Pesticide Use Survey

OEHHA Toxicity Criteria Database

RAIS

  • Risk Assessment Information System
  • The toxicity profiles in this database were developed using information taken from EPA’s Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) and Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables (HEAST) and other literature sources.
  • http://risk.lsd.ornl.gov/tox/rap_toxp.shtml

RDBMS

  • Relational Database Management Systems

RTECS

  • The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances
  • RTECS® is a database of toxicological information compiled, maintained, and updated by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The program is mandated by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. The original edition, known as the "Toxic Substances List," was published on June 28, 1971, and included toxicological data for approximately 5,000 chemicals. Since that time, the list has continuously grown and been updated, and its name changed to the current title, "Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances." RTECS® now contains over 133,000 chemicals as NIOSH strive to fulfill the mandate to list "all known toxic substances...and the concentrations at which...toxicity is known to occur."

Superfund Resource Center

TOMES

  • TOMES (and associated databases linked and available for access) provides a source of physical property values, toxicological values (e.g. PELs), and industrial hygiene information.

TOXNET

  • Toxicology Data Network
  • TOXNET from National Library of Medicine includes the following group of databases:
  • HSDB (Hazardous Substances Database) Broad scope in human and animal toxicity
  • IRIS (Integrated Risk Information System) in support of human health risk assessment, focusing on hazard identification and dose-response assessment.
  • CCRIS (Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System) carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, tumor promotion, and tumor inhibition data provided by the National Cancer Institute (NCI).
  • GENE-TOX - Peer-reviewed mutagenicity test data from the EPA
  • http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/

US Census data